Citizenship education in England 2001-2010 : young people's practices and prospects for the future : the eighth and final report from the Citizenship Education Longitudinal Study (CELS)

On the one hand, there has been a marked and steady increase in young people’s civic and political participation and indications that these young people will continue to participate as adult citizens. In contrast, there has been a hardening of attitudes toward equality and society, a weakening of attachment to communities and fluctuating levels of engagement, efficacy and trust in the political arena. The factors that shape young people’s citizenship outcomes include age and life-stage, background factors, prior citizenship outcomes, as well as levels of ‘received’ citizenship education

A Public Trust or the Common Good: Medical Professionalism and Medical Education in Nineteenth- and Twentieth Century Maine

During the time that the Medical School of Maine was educating men and women from Maine and other New England states, the profession of medicine and American society in general were undergoing a period of sweeping change. Advancement in medical knowledge, in the midst of an industrial revolution, created opportunities for, as well as expectations of, the profession, which formed the basis for the modern practice of medicine and the contemporary concept of professionalism in medicine. This paper chronicles the 100-year period of medical education by the Medical School of Maine, the ultimate demise of the institution, and the legacy that it created for the profession of medicine in the State of Maine. Dr. Thomas Keating is a Maine native and a graduate of Bowdoin College. He attended Tufts University School of Medicine and, since 1988, has practiced medical oncology and palliative medicine at New England Cancer Specialists in Brunswick. He has received master’s degrees in health policy and management and in bioethics. Dr. Keating lives with his wife in Brunswick, has a son and daughter, and enjoys running and baking bread. The author would like to extend special thanks to the George Mitchell Department of Special Collections and Archives at Bowdoin College and the Archives of the Medical Library of Maine Medical Center

COBE's search for structure in the Big Bang

The launch of Cosmic Background Explorer (COBE) and the definition of Earth Observing System (EOS) are two of the major events at NASA-Goddard. The three experiments contained in COBE (Differential Microwave Radiometer (DMR), Far Infrared Absolute Spectrophotometer (FIRAS), and Diffuse Infrared Background Experiment (DIRBE)) are very important in measuring the big bang. DMR measures the isotropy of the cosmic background (direction of the radiation). FIRAS looks at the spectrum over the whole sky, searching for deviations, and DIRBE operates in the infrared part of the spectrum gathering evidence of the earliest galaxy formation. By special techniques, the radiation coming from the solar system will be distinguished from that of extragalactic origin. Unique graphics will be used to represent the temperature of the emitting material. A cosmic event will be modeled of such importance that it will affect cosmological theory for generations to come. EOS will monitor changes in the Earth's geophysics during a whole solar color cycle

Balancing Independence and Accountability: Proposals to Reform Special Counsel Investigations

Investigations of the president and other high-ranking officials must be free from political interference yet cannot devolve into “runaway” inquiries. This report recommends reforms to the rules for every stage of special counsel investigations. Among the proposals is a requirement that federal judges oversee the attorney general’s appointment and removal of special counsels. Additionally, a special counsel should be mandatory when the president is suspected of a crime and reports on investigations should go directly to Congress

A Digital Edition of a Spanish 18th Century Account Book: Formalisation and Encoding

In this, part two of a two part paper, we will discuss our approach to the formalisation of our document encoding approach, derived from software engineering, which treats of the three classes of a digital edition; the Logical, the Physical and the Interaction Classes. We specifically address our decision to use XML (Extensible Mark-up Language), not TEI (Text Encoding Initiative), as our encoding language. An argument is provided as to why TEI is unsuitable for function-based documents, this addresses both source integrity and the restrictive nature of TEI. TEI does not support our forward engineering approach, which allows us to simultaneously produce the model, the encoding and the software environment

Maximising Output of Beef Within Cost Efficient, Environmentally Compatible Forage Conservation Systems.

End of Project ReportA comprehensive research programme showed the potential benefits of replacing a productive old permanent grassland pasture dominated by indigenous species with new perennial or Italian ryegrass swards, when each was managed intensively, conserved as silage and fed to beef cattle. Ancillary experiments showed how the silage systems could be modified to improve productivity. However, they also showed that under a less intensive regime, replacing this old permanent pasture by ryegrass reseeds would be difficult to justify.European Union Structural Funds (EAGGF

An in vitro investigation of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis biofilm formation and its effect on the host innate immune response

Mycobacterium tuberculosis is ostensibly an intracellular pathogen, which may form pellicle-like biofilms in the peripheries of tuberculosis cavities. Environment-induced cell wall modifications and extracellular polymeric substance production may alter host-pathogen interactions. Specifically, expectorated mycobacteria from cavities, which establish infection in new hosts, may have distinct phenotypic adaptations to impair early clearance by the innate immune system. M. tuberculosis H37Rv biofilm extracellular polymeric substance was identified using scanning electron microscopy. Biofilm phenotype non-covalently-bound extracts of cell wall lipids and carbohydrates were compared to planktonic phenotype and a relative reduction in the proportion of constituent glucose in biofilm carbohydrate extracts was discovered, indicative of a reduction in α-glucan prevalence. Comparison of carbohydrate extracts’ potency in stimulating cytokine and chemokine secretion in whole blood and complement activation elucidated reduced C3b/iC3b deposition onto biofilm carbohydrate extracts. Labelling live dispersed M. tuberculosis planktonic and biofilm samples with fluorescent antibodies showed C3b/iC3b, C5b-9, MBL and C1q deposition was reduced on biofilm phenotype cells, using flow cytometry. The relative contribution of each major pathway of complement activation was investigated and greater dependence on classical pathway activation by M. tuberculosis biofilm cells compared to planktonic cells was observed. Implications of these findings in M. tuberculosis pathogenesis are discussed

Comment on “Ionospheric evidence of hot oxygen in the upper atmosphere of Venus”

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/95022/1/grl6627.pd